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Strategic Lens

Canada and United States

First country

Second country

In 2025, Canada sold USD 401.5 billion of goods to United States and bought USD 258.6 billion from it. Canada and United States share a land border of 8,891 km. The DESTA database lists 5 trade agreements that include both countries, the most recent being US Mexico Canada Agreement (USMCA) (2020). In 2024, 950 thousand people born in Canada lived in United States, and 257 thousand people born in United States lived in Canada.

Benefits

  • BothTwo-way trade in critical minerals and metals grew 78 percent, from USD 2.18 billion in 2019 to USD 3.89 billion in 2025.
  • BothTrade in machinery, vehicles and iron and steel runs both ways in similar amounts: Canada sold USD 84.6 billion and United States sold USD 89.3 billion in 2025.
  • BothTrade in electrical and electronic equipment runs both ways in similar amounts: Canada sold USD 12.7 billion and United States sold USD 14.0 billion in 2025.

Constraints

  • BothFlows are one-sided: in 2025, Canada sold USD 118.0 billion of mineral fuels and oils, against USD 26.9 billion the other way.
  • BothFlows are one-sided: in 2025, Canada sold USD 1.18 billion of nuclear materials, reactors and spacecraft, against USD 146 million the other way.

Sources: UN Comtrade (public preview API), annual goods trade, HS classification (retrieved 26 September 2026); CIA World Factbook (retrieved 26 September 2026); DESTA: Design of Trade Agreements database, version 02_03 (retrieved 25 September 2026); UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 (retrieved 25 September 2026)

Last updated on 26 September 2026

At a glance

Goods trade, both ways
USD 660.1 billion
2025, as reported by Canada
Canada to United States
USD 401.5 billion
2025, as reported by Canada
United States to Canada
USD 258.6 billion
2025, as reported by Canada

What connects Canada and United States

Economy

Trade in goodsIn 2025, Canada sold USD 401.5 billion of goods to United States and bought USD 258.6 billion from it.

Resources

EnergyIn 2025, Canada sold USD 118.0 billion of mineral fuels and oils to United States and bought USD 26.9 billion from it.Critical mineralsIn 2025, Canada sold USD 3.00 billion of critical minerals and metals to United States and bought USD 891 million from it.Agriculture and foodIn 2025, Canada sold USD 44.8 billion of agricultural and food products to United States and bought USD 27.3 billion from it.FertiliserIn 2025, Canada sold USD 3.78 billion of fertilisers to United States and bought USD 1.54 billion from it.

Industry

Supply chains and manufacturingIn 2025, Canada sold USD 84.6 billion of machinery, vehicles and iron and steel to United States and bought USD 89.3 billion from it.TechnologyIn 2025, Canada sold USD 12.7 billion of electrical and electronic equipment to United States and bought USD 14.0 billion from it.Pharma and healthIn 2025, Canada sold USD 6.73 billion of pharmaceutical products to United States and bought USD 5.95 billion from it.

Security

Defence and armsIn 2025, Canada sold USD 253 million of arms and ammunition to United States and bought USD 244 million from it. Both are members of NATO.Nuclear and spaceIn 2025, Canada sold USD 1.18 billion of nuclear materials, reactors and spacecraft to United States and bought USD 146 million from it.Border and maritimeCanada and United States share a land border of 8,891 km.Intelligence and cyberBoth are members of the Five Eyes intelligence alliance.

Diplomacy

Agreements and treatiesThe DESTA database lists 5 trade agreements that include both countries, the most recent being US Mexico Canada Agreement (USMCA) (2020).Multilateral alignmentBoth are members of the G20, the G7, the OECD and APEC and 2 other groups. Their agreement score in UN General Assembly voting was 79 percent in 2023, and 74 percent on average over 2019 to 2023.Diaspora and mobilityIn 2024, 950 thousand people born in Canada lived in United States, and 257 thousand people born in United States lived in Canada.

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