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Strategic Lens

India and United States

First country

Second country

In 2025, India sold USD 92.6 billion of goods to United States and bought USD 47.2 billion from it. Both are members of the G20. Their agreement score in UN General Assembly voting was 35 percent in 2023, and 32 percent on average over 2019 to 2023. In 2024, 3.2 million people born in India lived in United States, and 17 thousand people born in United States lived in India.

Benefits

  • BothTwo-way trade in goods grew 57 percent, from USD 89.2 billion in 2019 to USD 139.8 billion in 2025.
  • BothTwo-way trade in mineral fuels and oils grew 77 percent, from USD 10.9 billion in 2019 to USD 19.4 billion in 2025.
  • BothTrade in critical minerals and metals runs both ways in similar amounts: India sold USD 26.4 million and United States sold USD 31.8 million in 2025.

Constraints

  • BothTwo-way trade in fertilisers fell 82 percent, from USD 123 million in 2019 to USD 22.1 million in 2025.
  • BothFlows are one-sided: in 2025, India sold USD 25.8 billion of electrical and electronic equipment, against USD 2.41 billion the other way.
  • BothFlows are one-sided: in 2025, India sold USD 9.74 billion of pharmaceutical products, against USD 629 million the other way.

Sources: UN Comtrade (public preview API), annual goods trade, HS classification (retrieved 26 September 2026); Wikidata, statements on membership (property P463) (retrieved 26 September 2026); United Nations General Assembly voting data (Voeten, Strezhnev and Bailey), agreement scores (retrieved 25 September 2026); UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 (retrieved 25 September 2026)

Last updated on 26 September 2026

At a glance

Goods trade, both ways
USD 139.8 billion
2025, as reported by India
India to United States
USD 92.6 billion
2025, as reported by India
United States to India
USD 47.2 billion
2025, as reported by India

What connects India and United States

Economy

Trade in goodsIn 2025, India sold USD 92.6 billion of goods to United States and bought USD 47.2 billion from it.

Resources

EnergyIn 2025, India sold USD 4.03 billion of mineral fuels and oils to United States and bought USD 15.4 billion from it.Critical mineralsIn 2025, India sold USD 26.4 million of critical minerals and metals to United States and bought USD 31.8 million from it.Agriculture and foodIn 2025, India sold USD 5.57 billion of agricultural and food products to United States and bought USD 2.39 billion from it.FertiliserIn 2025, India sold USD 6.3 million of fertilisers to United States and bought USD 15.8 million from it.

Industry

Supply chains and manufacturingIn 2025, India sold USD 10.4 billion of machinery, vehicles and iron and steel to United States and bought USD 8.57 billion from it.TechnologyIn 2025, India sold USD 25.8 billion of electrical and electronic equipment to United States and bought USD 2.41 billion from it.Pharma and healthIn 2025, India sold USD 9.74 billion of pharmaceutical products to United States and bought USD 629 million from it.

Security

Defence and armsIn 2025, India sold USD 56.4 million of arms and ammunition to United States and bought USD 3.1 million from it.Nuclear and spaceIn 2025, India sold USD 6.0 million of nuclear materials, reactors and spacecraft to United States and bought USD 16.4 million from it.

Diplomacy

Multilateral alignmentBoth are members of the G20. Their agreement score in UN General Assembly voting was 35 percent in 2023, and 32 percent on average over 2019 to 2023.Diaspora and mobilityIn 2024, 3.2 million people born in India lived in United States, and 17 thousand people born in United States lived in India.

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