Strategic Lens

Energy: India and Russia

First country

Second country

In 2025, India sold USD 11.1 million of mineral fuels and oils to Russia and bought USD 53.8 billion from it.

Benefits

  • BothTwo-way trade in mineral fuels and oils grew about 19 times, from USD 2.88 billion in 2019 to USD 53.8 billion in 2025.

Constraints

  • BothFlows are one-sided: in 2025, Russia sold USD 53.8 billion of mineral fuels and oils, against USD 11.1 million the other way.

Sources: UN Comtrade (public preview API), annual goods trade, HS classification (retrieved 26 September 2026)

Last updated on 26 September 2026

The numbers

India's exports to Russia: mineral fuels and oils

USD million · 2019 to 2025, calendar years, as reported by India

2019: 6.2Low 4.5 / High 21.32025: 11.1

20196.2
20204.5
20216.3
20229.9
202321.3
202412.7
202511.1

Sources: UN Comtrade (public preview API), annual goods trade, HS classification (retrieved 26 September 2026)

Data retrieved 26 September 2026

India's imports from Russia: mineral fuels and oils

USD billion · 2019 to 2025, calendar years, as reported by India

2019: 2.87Low 2.05 / High 59.532025: 53.84

20192.87
20202.05
20214.67
202233.97
202358.73
202459.53
202553.84

Sources: UN Comtrade (public preview API), annual goods trade, HS classification (retrieved 26 September 2026)

Data retrieved 26 September 2026

More on this relationship

Benefits

  • BothONGC Videsh has held a stake in the Sakhalin-I project since 2001, and Kudankulam has two 1,000 MW units operating.

Constraints

  • IndiaSanctions on Rosneft and Lukoil in late 2025 led to a sharp drop in India's imports from those firms.
  • IndiaSeveral large Indian refiners halted purchases of Russian crude for March and April 2026 loadings, as India moved closer to a US trade agreement.

Sources: Wikipedia: India–Russia relations (revision of 24 September 2026)

Strategic Insights

Strategic Lens

Why does India keep buying Russian oil under US pressure?

What happened. India continued to import substantial quantities of Russian oil in September 2026, despite pressure from the United States to reduce them.

  1. After the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, sanctions led Russia to sell oil and fertiliser to India at a discount.
  2. India's crude imports from Russia rose from about USD 1.5 billion in 2019 to about USD 53 billion in 2024.
  3. India refused to accept the Western price cap on Russian crude.
  4. In 2025 US officials accused India of financing the war, and in late 2025 sanctions on Rosneft and Lukoil cut India's purchases from those firms.
  5. In early 2026 some Indian refiners halted purchases while India worked toward a trade agreement with the US, and in April 2026 India expected the US to extend a waiver on Russian oil.

Understanding. From our lens, India treats oil as a question of price and supply, not of alignment. Pressure has mainly changed which companies India buys from. Volumes fell in 2025 but remain very large, and India is careful to protect its talks with the US at the same time.

Benefits

  • IndiaLower-cost crude for a large importer. (our reading)

Constraints

  • IndiaSanctions on named Russian firms restrict which cargoes Indian refiners can take.
  • IndiaUS pressure has been linked to India's trade talks with Washington.

Sources: Wikipedia: India–Russia relations (revision of 24 September 2026); UN Comtrade (public preview API), annual goods trade, HS classification (retrieved 26 September 2026)

Last updated on 25 September 2026